Vernier acuity during image rotation and translation: Visual performance limits

Our capacity to detect spatial misalignments a fraction of the distance between retinal receptors in the presence of image motion challenges our understanding of spatial vision. We find that vernier acuity, while robust to image translation, rapidly degrades during image rotation. This indicates that orientation is a critical cue utilized by the visual system in vernier acuity tasks. Moreover, vernier acuity is robust to translational motion only at high target strengths. Vernier acuity for translating 3-dot targets over midrange velocities can be predicted from vernier acuity data derived from static targets of different presentation durations. However, the degradation observed at higher velocities is greater than predicted. The high velocity degradation reveals that performance is limited by a 1 msec asynchrony sensitivity. The moving vernier stimulus appears to constitute an optimal configuration for the visual system to achieve a 1 msec asynchrony sensitivity by making use of an orientation cue.